MS-SMART: Multiple Sclerosis-Secondary Progressive Multi-Arm Randomisation Trial ClinicalTrials.gov, 24 Jul 2013 Accessed on 25 Jul 2014 from http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01910259.
Neuroprotection With Riluzole Patients With Early Multiple Sclerosis ClinicalTrials.gov, 11 Mar 2014 Accessed on 8 Aug 2014 from http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00501943.
Effect of Riluzole as a Symptomatic Approach in Patients With Chronic Cerebellar Ataxia ClinicalTrials.gov, 10 Feb 2014 Accessed on 8 Aug 2014 from http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00202397.
Substance Name: Riluzole ChemIDplus Advanced, US National Library of Medicine Accessed on 8 Aug 2014 from http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/rn/1744-22-5.
The effect of the neuroprotective agent riluzole on MRI parameters in primary progressive multiple sclerosis: a pilot study. Kalkers NF, Barkhof F, Bergers E, van Schijndel R, Polman CH Mult Scler. 2002 Dec; 8(6):532-3. PMID: 12474997. Abstract
Riluzole suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: implications for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Gilgun-Sherki Y, Panet H, Melamed E, Offen D Brain Res. 2003 Nov 7; 989(2):196-204. PMID: 14556941. Abstract
Glutamate inhibition in MS: the neuroprotective properties of riluzole. Killestein J, Kalkers NF, Polman CH J Neurol Sci. 2005 Jun 15; 233(1-2):113-5. Epub 2005 Apr 20. PMID: 15949499. Abstract
FDA Approves First Drug for Lou Gehrig's Disease US Department of Health and Human Services, 12 Dec 1995 Accessed on 29 Aug 2014 from http://archive.hhs.gov/news/press/1995pres/951212.html.
Covis Pharma to Acquire U.S. Rights from Sanofi for Nilandron®, Plaquenil®, Rilutek®, Uroxatral®, and Kayexalate® Covis, 4 Apr 2013 Accessed on 29 Aug 2014 from http://www.covispharma.ch/#!past-press-releases/c3cf.
Sanofi's history Sanofi Accessed on 29 Aug 2014 from http://en.sanofi.com/our_company/history/history.aspx.
RILUTEK® US Food and Drug Administration, 2008 Accessed on 29 Aug 2014 from http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/020599s011s012lbl.pdf.
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Riluzole inhibits the release of glutamate in the caudate nucleus of the cat in vivo. Chéramy A, Barbeito L, Godeheu G, Glowinski J Neurosci Lett. 1992 Dec 7; 147(2):209-12. PMID: 1362807. Abstract
Riluzole, a novel antiglutamate, prevents memory loss and hippocampal neuronal damage in ischemic gerbils. Malgouris C, Bardot F, Daniel M, Pellis F, Rataud J, Uzan A, Blanchard JC, Laduron PM J Neurosci. 1989 Nov; 9(11):3720-7. PMID: 2585051. Abstract
Riluzole specifically blocks inactivated Na channels in myelinated nerve fibre. Benoit E, Escande D Pflugers Arch. 1991 Dec; 419(6):603-9. PMID: 1664937. Abstract
Riluzole interacts with voltage-activated sodium and potassium currents in cultured rat cortical neurons. Zona C, Siniscalchi A, Mercuri NB, Bernardi G Neuroscience. 1998 Aug; 85(3):931-8. PMID: 9639285. Abstract
Selective inhibition by riluzole of voltage-dependent sodium channels and catecholamine secretion in adrenal chromaffin cells. Yokoo H, Shiraishi S, Kobayashi H, Yanagita T, Yamamoto R, Wada A Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1998 May; 357(5):526-31. PMID: 9650805. Abstract
Neuroprotective effects of riluzole in neurotrauma models: a review. Wahl F, Stutzmann JM Acta Neurochir Suppl. 1999; 73:103-10. PMID: 10494351. Abstract
A novel neuroprotective mechanism of riluzole: direct inhibition of protein kinase C. Noh KM, Hwang JY, Shin HC, Koh JY Neurobiol Dis. 2000 Aug; 7(4):375-83. PMID: 10964608. Abstract
Riluzole attenuates excitatory amino acid transporter type 3 activity in Xenopus oocytes via protein kinase C inhibition. Choi J-S, Ryu J-H, Zuo Z, Yang S-M, Chang H-W, Do S-H Eur J Pharmacol. 2013 Aug 5; 713(1-3):39-43. Epub 2013 May 13. PMID: 23680119. Abstract
Riluzole increases high-affinity glutamate uptake in rat spinal cord synaptosomes. Azbill RD, Mu X, Springer JE Brain Res. 2000 Jul 21; 871(2):175-80. PMID: 10899284. Abstract
Riluzole enhances glutamate uptake in rat astrocyte cultures. dos Frizzo M E S, Dall'Onder L P, Dalcin K B, Souza D O Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2004 Feb; 24(1):123-8. PMID: 15049516. Abstract
Riluzole increases glutamate uptake by cultured C6 astroglial cells. Dall'Igna OP, Bobermin LD, Souza DO, Quincozes-Santos A Int J Dev Neurosci. 2013 Nov; 31(7):482-6. Epub 2013 Jun 15. PMID: 23777615. Abstract
Riluzole blocks persistent Na+ and Ca2+ currents and modulates release of glutamate via presynaptic NMDA receptors on neonatal rat hypoglossal motoneurons in vitro. Lamanauskas N, Nistri A Eur J Neurosci. 2008 May; 27(10):2501-14. Epub 2008 Apr 26. PMID: 18445055. Abstract
Riluzole-induced block of voltage-gated Na+ current and activation of BKCa channels in cultured differentiated human skeletal muscle cells. Wang Y-J, Lin M-W, Lin A-A, Wu S-N Life Sci. 2008 Jan 2; 82(1-2):11-20. Epub 2007 Nov 01. PMID: 18068197. Abstract
Riluzole inhibits spontaneous Ca2+ signaling in neuroendocrine cells by activation of K+ channels and inhibition of Na+ channels. Beltran-Parrazal L, Charles A Br J Pharmacol. 2003 Nov; 140(5):881-8. Epub 2003 Oct 06. PMID: 14530220. Abstract
Selective depression of low-release probability excitatory synapses by sodium channel blockers. Prakriya M, Mennerick S Neuron. 2000 Jun; 26(3):671-82. PMID: 10896162. Abstract
Neuroprotective agent riluzole potentiates postsynaptic GABA(A) receptor function. He Y, Benz A, Fu T, Wang M, Covey DF, Zorumski CF, Mennerick S Neuropharmacology. 2002 Feb; 42(2):199-209. PMID: 11804616. Abstract
Riluzole enhances the anti-seizure action of conventional antiepileptic drugs against pentetrazole-induced convulsions in mice. Borowicz KK, Sekowski A, Drelewska E, Czuczwar SJ Pol J Pharmacol. 2004 Mar-Apr; 56(2):187-93. PMID: 15156069. Abstract
Riluzole (2-amino-6-trifluoromethoxy benzothiazole) attenuates MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) neurotoxicity in mice. Araki T, Muramatsu Y, Tanaka K, Matsubara M, Imai Y Neurosci Lett. 2001 Oct 12; 312(1):50-4. PMID: 11578843. Abstract
Inhibition by riluzole of electrophysiological responses mediated by rat kainate and NMDA receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Debono MW, Le Guern J, Canton T, Doble A, Pradier L Eur J Pharmacol. 1993 Apr 28; 235(2-3):283-9. PMID: 7685290. Abstract
A randomized controlled phase II trial of riluzole in early multiple sclerosis. Waubant E, Maghzi A-H, Revirajan N, Spain R, Julian L, Mowry EM, Marcus J, Liu S, Jin C, Green A, et al. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2014 May; 1(5):340-7. Epub 2014 Apr 14. PMID: 25356404. Abstract
Association Between Glutamate Blockade and Fatigue in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis. Nourbakhsh B, Revirajan N, Waubant E JAMA Neurol. 2015 Nov 1; 72(11):1374-5. PMID: 26551959. Abstract