Substance Name: Naltrexone ChemIDplus Advanced, US National Library of Medicine Accessed on 27 Feb 2014 from http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/rn/16590-41-3#names.
Pilot trial of low-dose naltrexone and quality of life in multiple sclerosis. Cree BAC, Kornyeyeva E, Goodin DS Ann Neurol. 2010 Aug; 68(2):145-50. PMID: 20695007. Abstract
The effect of low-dose naltrexone on quality of life of patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Sharafaddinzadeh N, Moghtaderi A, Kashipazha D, Majdinasab N, Shalbafan B Mult Scler. 2010 Aug; 16(8):964-9. Epub 2010 Jun 09. PMID: 20534644. Abstract
A pilot trial of low-dose naltrexone in primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Gironi M, Martinelli-Boneschi F, Sacerdote P, Solaro C, Zaffaroni M, Cavarretta R, Moiola L, Bucello S, Radaelli M, Pilato V, et al. Mult Scler. 2008 Sep; 14(8):1076-83. PMID: 18728058. Abstract
A Randomized Placebo-Controlled, Crossover-Design Study of the Effects of Low Dose Naltrexone ClinicalTrials.gov, 15 May 2008 Accessed on 27 Feb 2014 from http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00501696.
Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Approval Letter, application number: 21-897 US Food and Drug Administration, 13 Apr 2006 Accessed on 27 Feb 2014 from http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2006/021897s000_Approv.pdf.
FDA approves injectable drug to treat opioid-dependent patients US Food and Drug Administration, 12 Oct 2010 Accessed on 27 Feb 2014 from http://www.fda.gov/newsevents/newsroom/pressannouncements/2010/ucm229109.htm.
Vivitrol dosing and administration Alkermes, 2013 Accessed on 27 Feb 2014 from http://www.vivitrol.com/HCP/Treatment/DosingAndAdministration.
Low dose naltrexone therapy in multiple sclerosis. Agrawal YP Med Hypotheses. 2005; 64(4):721-4. PMID: 15694688. Abstract
Prevention and diminished expression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by low dose naltrexone (LDN) or opioid growth factor (OGF) for an extended period: Therapeutic implications for multiple sclerosis. Rahn KA, McLaughlin PJ, Zagon IS Brain Res. 2011 Mar 24; 1381:243-53. Epub 2011 Jan 20. PMID: 21256121. Abstract
Low Dose Naltrexone: Side Effects and Efficacy in Gastrointestinal Disorders. Ploesser J, Weinstock LB, Thomas E Int J Pharm Compd. 2010 March/April; 14(2):171-173. PMID: 23965429. Abstract
Endogenous opioids regulate expression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: a new paradigm for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Zagon IS, Rahn KA, Turel AP, McLaughlin PJ Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2009 Nov; 234(11):1383-92. PMID: 19855075. Abstract
Low dose naltrexone for induction of remission in Crohn's disease. Segal D, Macdonald JK, Chande N Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014; 2:CD010410. PMID: 24558033. Abstract
The use of low-dose naltrexone (LDN) as a novel anti-inflammatory treatment for chronic pain. Younger J, Parkitny L, McLain D Clin Rheumatol. 2014 Feb 15. Epub 2014 Feb 15. PMID: 24526250. Abstract
Studies of EN-1639A (naltrexone): a new narcotic antagonist. Resnick RB, Volavka J, Freedman AM, Thomas M Am J Psychiatry. 1974 Jun; 131(6):646-50. PMID: 4827793. Abstract
Case Studies: LAAM, Naltrexone, Clozapine, and Nicorette US Department of Health and Human Services, 2004 Accessed on 28 Feb 2014 from http://aspe.hhs. gov/health/reports/cocaine/4cases.htm.
Incorporating Alcohol Pharmacotherapies Into Medical Practice Strain EC, Gordon AJ, Johnson BA, McCaul M E, Saxon A, Swift R, Zweben A, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US), 2009 Accessed on 28 Feb 2014 from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK64042/. See Chapter 4--Oral Naltrexone.
Naltrexone National Center for Biotechnology Information, US National Library of Medicine Accessed on 28 Feb 2014 from http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=5360515.
Different effects of opioid antagonists on mu-, delta-, and kappa-opioid receptors with and without agonist pretreatment. Wang D, Sun X, Sadee W J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2007 May; 321(2):544-52. Epub 2007 Jan 31. PMID: 17267582. Abstract
Non-stereoselective reversal of neuropathic pain by naloxone and naltrexone: involvement of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Hutchinson MR, Zhang Y, Brown K, Coats BD, Shridhar M, Sholar PW, Patel SJ, Crysdale NY, Harrison JA, Maier SF, et al. Eur J Neurosci. 2008 Jul; 28(1):20-9. PMID: 18662331. Abstract
Mu opioid receptor activation modulates Toll like receptor 4 in murine macrophages. Franchi S, Moretti S, Castelli M, Lattuada D, Scavullo C, Panerai AE, Sacerdote P Brain Behav Immun. 2012 Mar; 26(3):480-8. Epub 2012 Jan 05. PMID: 22240038. Abstract
Endogenous opioids regulate the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase by splenocytes. Lysle DT, How T J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Feb; 288(2):502-8. PMID: 9918551. Abstract
High dose naltrexone for dyskinesias induced by levodopa. Manson AJ, Katzenschlager R, Hobart J, Lees AJ J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2001 Apr; 70(4):554-6. PMID: 11254789. Abstract
ALSUntangled No. 8: Low dose naltrexone for ALS. ALSUntangled Group Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 2011 Jan; 12(1):76-8. Epub 2010 Dec 21. PMID: 21174518. Abstract
Naltrexone prescribing information US Food and Drug Administration, Oct 2010 Accessed on 12 Mar 2014 from http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/021897s015lbl.pdf.
Role of the Toll Like receptor (TLR) radical cycle in chronic inflammation: possible treatments targeting the TLR4 pathway. Lucas K, Maes M Mol Neurobiol. 2013 Aug; 48(1):190-204. Epub 2013 Feb 26. PMID: 23436141. Abstract
Lodonal/LDN Immune Therapeutics, Inc. Accessed on 27 Jan 2015 from https://www.immunetherapeutics.com/lodonal/.
Immune Therapeutics, Inc. Announces Agreement with KRS Global Biotechnology, Inc. Immune Therapeutics, Inc., 23 Jan 2015 Accessed on 27 Jan 2015 from https://www.immunetherapeutics.com/2015/01/immune-therapeutics-inc-announces-agreement-with-krs-global-biotechnology-inc/.
Endogenous opioid inhibition of proliferation of T and B cell subpopulations in response to immunization for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. McLaughlin PJ, McHugh DP, Magister MJ, Zagon IS BMC Immunol. 2015; 16(1):24. Epub 2015 Apr 24. PMID: 25906771. Abstract
Opioid growth factor and low-dose naltrexone impair central nervous system infiltration by CD4 + T lymphocytes in established experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a model of multiple sclerosis. Hammer LA, Waldner H, Zagon IS, McLaughlin PJ Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2015 Jul 22. PMID: 26202376. Abstract