The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Brain and Tissue Bank (BTB) for Developmental Disorders
Sponsoring organization
University of Maryland School of Medicine
http://medschool.umaryland.edu/default.aspx
Repository website
Primary contact
John Cottrell
Robert Johnson
Department of Pediatrics, Room 13-013 BRB
University of Maryland, Baltimore
655 W. Baltimore St.
Baltimore, MD 21201
Tel 1-410-706-1755 or 1-800-847-1539
Fax 1-410-706-0020
Sample types available
Brain
(Protocol Method 2 – current – beginning October 1997)
Cerebrum – Hemicoronal sections – fixed and frozen
Midbrain/pons – whole sections – fixed and frozen
Brainstems – fixed and frozen
Half-brain (uncut) – left and right
Brain
(Protocol Method 1 – currently not in use)
Cerebrum – Hemicoronal sections – fixed and frozen
Cerebrum – Whole coronal sections – fixed and frozen
Medulla – Whole sections – fixed and frozen
Brainstems – fixed and frozen
Half-brain (uncut) – left and right
Brain – fixed and frozen
Dura
Cranial nerve
Cardiovascular – fixed and frozen
Aorta
Artery
Heart
Vein
Endocrine – fixed and frozen
Adrenal
Breast
Pineal
Pituitary
Thyroid
Gastrointestinal – fixed and frozen
Anus
Appendix
Colon ascending
Colon descending
Duodenum
Esophagus
Gallbladder
Ileum
Jejunum
Liver
Pancreas
Stomach
Tongue
Genital – fixed and frozen
Fallopian tube
Ovary
Testicle
Uterus
Hematopoietic – fixed and frozen
Lymph nodes
Spleen
Thymus
Tonsil
Integumentary – fixed and frozen
Adipose
Hair
Nail
Skin
Musculoskeletal – fixed and frozen
Bone (rib)
Diaphragm
Long bone
Middle ear
Middle ear bone
Psoas
Respiratory – fixed and frozen
Bronchus
Lung
Trachea
Spinal Cord – fixed and frozen
Cervical
Lumbar
Peripheral nerve
Thoracic
Sacral
Urinary – fixed and frozen
Bladder
Kidney
Prostate
Ureter
Other – fixed and frozen
Astrocytes (frozen only)
Body fluids (frozen only)
Blood
Red blood cells
Cerebrospinal fluid
Urine
Vitreous
Brain subsections (frozen only)
Eyes
Fibroblasts (frozen only)
Placenta
Tumor
Umbilical cord
Sample-processing information
Brain Sectioning – Minimum Protocol
The minimum protocol is designed for those instances in which time and availability of services are limited.
It is essential that enough space be provided in the containers/bags so that the brain can fix and freeze in its natural shape. Distorting the brain tissue to fit in the volume of a small container will render the tissue useless.
Step 1: Remove entire brain and as much of the brainstem as possible.
Step 2: Section the whole brain into its left and right hemispheres (including the brainstem).
Step 3: Fix the entire right hemisphere in 10% formalin.
Step 4: For the left hemisphere, remove the midbrain/brainstem/cerebellum as a unit by cutting just posterior to the cerebral peduncle.
Step 5: Remove the cerebellum from the midbrain/brainstem/cerebellum unit.
Step 6: Freeze the cerebrum, midbrain/brainstem, and cerebellum in three separate plastic bags at –80ºC.
Brain Sectioning – Protocol Method 1
In the past, protocol method 1 was the first method used by the Brain and Tissue Bank for brain tissue donations. This method is no longer the current method used for tissue donations.
Cerebrum:
The brain is placed on a horizontal surface, dorsum down, with gyrus rectus parallel to the surface. A single coronal section, perpendicular to the surface, is made at a point caudal to the mammillary bodies, but anterior to the rostral origin of the crus cerebri. The brainstem/cerebellum portion is removed from the caudal half of the cerebrum by transecting the midbrain at its junction with the rostral pons. A plexiglass cutting guide is used to obtain 1-centimeter-thick serial, coronal sections of the cerebrum. Each coronal section is then cut in the sagittal plane through its midline, creating two hemisections. The cerebral hemisections are fixed and frozen in an alternating sequence as shown.
Brainstem/cerebellum:
Sectioning of the remaining brainstem/cerebellum is initiated by transecting the medulla from the pons in a strict transverse plane, perpendicular to the long axis of the lower brainstem. The intact pons/cerebellum is sectioned in a transverse plane at 1-centimeter intervals and hemisected. The pons/cerebellum is fixed and frozen in the same alternating scheme as the cerebrum.
Medulla:
The medulla is cut transversely at the following four levels to create five sections: mid-olive, 4–5 mm distal, caudal pyramidal decussation, and 4–5 mm distal. Alternate sections of the medulla are fixed and frozen.
Brain Sectioning – Protocol Method 2
Protocol method 2 is the current method used for all brain tissue donations, where possible.
General Information:
When possible, all brains should be chilled/cooled in wet ice for at least one half-hour prior to sectioning to enhance the ease and quality of sectioning. The preferred method of freezing the individual sections is in isopentane/dry ice at –30° to –40°C. The second method of choice is in liquid nitrogen. The third method of choice is freezing the samples on a tray in a –80° freezer. 10 percent formalin is used for all fixed sections.
Medulla:
First, the medulla is removed from the brainstem by transecting at its juncture with the distal pons (Cut #1). The medulla is sectioned in a coronal plane into five samples of 2- to 3-mm thickness beginning at the pontine junction. These five samples are assigned a sequential identifier from 1 to 5. Sections 1, 3, 5 are frozen; sections 2 and 4 are fixed in 10% formalin. After removal of the medulla, the entire brain is sectioned into its left and right hemispheres (Cut #2). The right hemisphere is fixed in its entirety in 10% formalin.
Left hemisphere cerebrum:
A cut is made just posterior to the cerebral peduncle, and the midbrain/pons/cerebellum are removed as a unit from the left hemisphere (Cut #3). The remaining cerebrum is sectioned coronally, at approximately 1-cm intervals beginning from the frontal pole apex and proceeding caudally. As each section is isolated, it is gently rinsed with water, blotted dry, assigned a sequential numeric identifier (odd numbers only!), and placed in the freezing bath. The handling of sections is best aided by the use of a plastic spatula. Each frozen section is placed into individual plastic bags appropriately labeled and sealed. All bags are then stored in a –80°C freezer prior to shipping. Frozen sections of the cerebrum are identified as sections 1, 3, 5, 7, 9...
Left hemisphere midbrain/pons:
The midbrain/pons (upper brainstem) is separated from the cerebellum (Cut #4). The midbrain/pons is placed on a flat cutting board, mesial surface down, and sectioned into four or five sections at approximate 0.3- to 0.4-cm intervals beginning at the midbrain and moving caudally. These sections are assigned a sequential identifier (odd numbers only!). Frozen sections of the midbrain/pons are identified as sections 1, 3, 5...
Left hemisphere cerebellum:
The remaining cerebellum is placed in a vertical plane (its normal anatomic position) and sectioned at 0.5- to 0.6-cm intervals beginning from the medial surface (vermis) and moving laterally. Each resulting section is assigned a sequential identifier (odd numbers only!). Frozen sections of the cerebellum are identified as sections 1, 3, 5, 7, 9...
Right hemisphere:
The right hemisphere is fixed in its entirety in 10% formalin and is sectioned similarly to the left hemisphere. Fixed sections of the cerebrum (right hemisphere) are identified as sections 2, 4, 6, 8, 10... Fixed sections of the midbrain/pons (right hemisphere) are identified as sections 2, 4, 6... Fixed sections of the cerebellum (right hemisphere) are identified as sections 2, 4, 6, 8, 10...
The above protocol may be modified in a certain number of cases due to the nature of the injury or diagnosis.
Data available for each sample
A case information sheet specifically detailing donor demographics
Postmortem interval
Brief medical history
Quantity of available samples
The tissue repository at the Brain and Tissue Bank currently contains more than 80,000 specimens as frozen tissue at –80°C and as fixed tissue in 10% formalin. The number of cases in the bank is more than 3,000.
Number of cases listed by disease:
1 acardia
1 achondrogenesis, type II
2 achondroplasia
2 acrania
1 acute endocarditis
1 Aicardi-Goutières syndrome
1 Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (surgical)
1 adrenoleukodystrophy
2 adrenoleukodystrophy, X-linked, adult cerebral
10 adrenoleukodystrophy, X-linked, adrenomyeloneuropathy, cerebral
1 adrenoleukodystrophy, X-linked, adrenomyeloneuropathy, cerebral status unknown
1 adrenoleukodystrophy, X-linked, adrenomyeloneuropathy, pure
4 adrenoleukodystrophy, X-linked, carrier
11 adrenoleukodystrophy, X-linked, childhood cerebral
1 adrenoleukodystrophy/adrenomyeloneuropathy
1 adrenomyeloneuropathy
9 agenesis of corpus callosum
6 Alexander disease
1 Alpers disease
1 Alpers-Huttenlocher syndrome
29 Alzheimer disease
1 Alzheimer disease, early onset
1 Alzheimer disease (see chromosomal disorder, trisomy 21)
2 Alzheimer disease, Lewy body variant
1 Alzheimer disease, Lewy body variant / schizophrenia
2 Alzheimer disease, type II astrocytosis
1 Alzheimer disease/Parkinson disease
1 Alzheimer disease-like, mild
2 amniotic band syndrome
30 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
21 anencephaly
3 Angelman syndrome
14 anoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
1 anoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, acute
1 anoxic-ischemic encephalopathy/biliary cirrhosis
1 aqueductal atresia/encephalocele/hydrocephalus
1 aqueductal atresia/hydrocephalus
1 aqueductal stenosis/hydrocephalus
3 Arnold-Chiari malformation
2 arthrogryposis
1 astrocytoma grade III
1 ataxia
8 ataxia telangiectasia
1 ataxia, Friedreich
1 atrophy brain
4 attention deficit disorder
10 autism
1 autism/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
1 autism/mental retardation
1 autism/Rett syndrome, R/O (Surgical)
1 autism/seizure disorder
1 autism relative (control)
1 autism related, pervasive developmental disorder
5 autism, suspected
1 autism, unaffected relative & glioblastoma multiforme
1 autism, unrelated relative
1 atrioventricular canal defect and omphalocele
1 Barth syndrome
1 Binswanger syndrome
3 body-wall complex
1 brain mets spine mets
1 branchio-oto-renal syndrome
1 carbamyl phosphate synthetase I deficiency
1 carbohydrate glycoprotein deficiency syndrome
1 cardiac anomalies
1 carnitine deficiency
4 caudal regression syndrome
1 cavernous hemangioma
1 cerebellar degeneration
1 cerebral edema of unknown etiology
2 cerebral ocular facial syndrome
7 cerebral palsy
1 cerebral palsy/encephalopathy, hepatic
1 cerebral palsy/hydrocephalus
1 cerebral palsy/mitochondrial disorder, probable (surgical)
1 cerebral palsy/Parkinson disease
2 Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome
1 CHARGE syndrome
1 chondrodysplasia punctata
1 chondrodysplasia punctata, rhizomelic/Alzheimer disease
1 choroid plexus angioma/subarachnoid hemorrhage
1 chromosomal disorder, 17, ring mosaic
5 chromosomal disorder, 45, X
1 chromosomal disorder, 45X/46XY
1 chromosomal disorder, 4p syndrome
1 chromosomal disorder, balanced translocation 6, 11
1 chromosomal disorder, deletion, chromosome 11
1 chromosomal disorder, deletion, chromosome 12
1 chromosomal disorder, Dup X, q22.3, q26/Pelizaeus Merzbacher disease
1 chromosomal disorder, inversion duplication 8
2 chromosomal disorder, Klinefelter (47, XXY)
4 chromosomal disorder, other
1 chromosomal disorder, partial trisomy 19/partial monosomy 6
1 chromosomal disorder, ring chromosome 6
1 chromosomal disorder, ring chromosome 9, mosaic
1 chromosomal disorder, ring chromosome 21, mosaic
1 chromosomal disorder, translocation de novo 4;12
1 chromosomal disorder, triple X chromosome anomaly
3 chromosomal disorder, triploidy
1 chromosomal disorder, triploidy (69, XXX)
1 chromosomal disorder, trisomy 1
1 chromosomal disorder, trisomy 7
1 chromosomal disorder, trisomy 9
14 chromosomal disorder, trisomy 13
1 chromosomal disorder, trisomy 13-15
2 chromosomal disorder, trisomy 15
1 chromosomal disorder, trisomy 15, mosaic
2 chromosomal disorder, trisomy 16
1 chromosomal disorder, trisomy 17
18 chromosomal disorder, trisomy 18
67 chromosomal disorder, trisomy 21
1 chromosomal disorder, trisomy 21/Alzheimer disease
2 chromosomal disorder, trisomy 22
1 chromosomal disorder, trisomy X
1 chromosomal disorder, XXXXY syndrome
2 chromosomal disorder, unbalanced translocation
1 chronic meningoencephalitis
1 citrullinemia
8 Cockayne syndrome
1 congenital abnormalities (normal brain)
1 congenital defects, asplenic
1 congenital fibrosarcoma
1 congenital heart defect
1 congenital hypotonia
2 congenital nephrosis, suspected
1 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
880 control
1 control (twins)
1 Cornelia de Lange syndrome
1 Cornelia de Lange syndrome/mental retardation
3 cortical basal ganglia degeneration
2 cystic fibrosis
1 cystic hygroma
2 Dandy-Walker malformation
1 Dandy-Walker malformation (surgical)
1 dementia, multi-infarct type
5 dementia, not otherwise specified
10 depression
1 dermatomyositis
3 diabetic ketoacidosis
3 diaphragmatic hernia
2 dysmorphic syndrome
16 dystonia
1 dystonia/ataxia
1 dystonia/Meige syndrome
1 dystonia related, familial tremor, dysphonia
1 dystonia, acquired
4 dystonia, blepharospasm
1 dystonia, blepharospasm/tardive dyskinesia
1 dystonia, blepharospasm/Alzheimer disease, type II
1 dystonia, blepharospasm/Meige syndrome
2 dystonia, focal/Meige syndrome
1 dystonia, generalized, adult onset, progressive
1 dystonia, generalized, childhood onset
1 dystonia, generalized, familial
1 dystonia, generalized, familial/Meige syndrome
1 dystonia, medication-induced
1 dystonia, medication-induced/schizophrenia
6 dystonia, spasmodic torticollis
2 dystonia, suspected
5 dystonia, unaffected relative
1 encephalitis (Japanese B)
3 encephalocele
2 encephalopathy, demyelinating
2 encephalopathy, unknown etiology
2 encephalomyopathy, X-linked
1 endocardial fibroelastosis
1 ependymoma
1 epidermolysis bullosa
1 extreme immaturity
2 facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
1 facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (surgical)
1 failure to thrive, severe
4 fragile X
1 fragile X, carrier
1 Friedreich ataxia
2 Fryns syndrome
1 Gaucher disease
4 glioblastoma multiforme (WHO grade IV)
1 glycogen storage disease, not otherwise specified
2 glycogenosis, type IX
1 Hallerman-Strieff syndrome
2 hemochromatosis, neonatal
1 hippocampal sclerosis
1 Hirschsprung disease
7 holoprosencephaly
1 holoprosencephaly developmental delay
1 holoprosencephaly/Roberts-SC syndrome
1 homocystinuria
1 Hunter syndrome
3 Huntington disease
1 Huntington disease, suspected
1 hydrocephalus
1 hydrocephalus/mental retardation
1 hydrocephalus, etiology undetermined
6 hydrops fetalis
1 hyperglycemia, nonketotic
1 hyperplasia, right ventricle
1 hyperplasia, maternal
1 hyperplasia, maternal / prematurity
1 ichthyosis / leukodystrophy, possible
2 inclusion body myositis
1 infarcts, cystic
1 intestinal lymphangiectasia (Opitz BBB syndrome)
1 intracerebral hematoma histiocytosis
1 intrauterine fetal demise
18 intraventricular hemorrhage
1 Kawasaki disease
2 Krabbe disease
1 lactic acidosis
1 Lawrence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl syndrome
5 Leigh disease
2 Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
8 leukodystrophy
1 leukodystrophy, consistent with metachromatic leukodystrophy
5 leukodystrophy, metachromatic
1 leukodystrophy, NFS
1 leukodystrophy, orthochromic, pigmentary type
1 leukodystrophy, radiation induced
1 leukodystrophy, sudanophilic
1 leukoencephalitis, not otherwise specified
2 leukoencephalopathy
1 leukoencephalopathy, progressive multifocal
1 Lewy body dementia
2 lissencephaly
1 long-chain fatty acid deficiency
1 Lowe syndrome
1 lung transplants, bilateral
1 Machado-Joseph disease
1 macrocephaly
1 malformation of the brainstem and cerebellum
1 malignant hyperthermia
1 manic depression
1 maternal cocaine abuse
1 Meckle-Gruber syndrome
1 meningioma (surgical)
17 mental retardation, not otherwise specified
3 mental retardation/developmental delay
1 metabolic disorder
1 metabolic disorder (complex)
1 metabolic disorder, acute (unknown etiology)
1 metabolic disorder, NFS
1 metabolic disorder, unknown
1 metabolic encephalopathy
1 metabolic encephalopathy with intractable seizures
1 metabolic storage disease
1 microcephaly
1 microencephaly
1 microencephaly/primary immunodeficiency
1 microgyria focal
1 micropolygyria, heterotopias/periventricular leukomalacia
1 mitochondrial disorder
1 mitochondrial disorder, mtDNA depletion syndrome (surgical)
1 motor neuron disease, not otherwise specified
1 movement disorder, unknown
1 Moyamoya disease/Ammon's horn sclerosis
1 mucopolysaccharidosis
1 mucopolysaccharidosis, Hurler syndrome
2 mucopolysaccharidosis, Sanfilippo syndrome
9 multiple anomalies
15 multiple sclerosis
1 multiple sclerosis (surgical)
6 multiple systems atrophy
1 multiple vascular malformations
5 muscular dystrophy
1 muscular dystrophy/diabetes
1 muscular dystrophy, Becker type
1 muscular dystrophy, congenital
2 muscular dystrophy, Duchenne
1 myasthenia gravis
2 myelomeningocele
1 myofibromatosis, infantile
1 myopathy, NFS (surgical)
2 myotonic dystrophy
1 neural tube defect
1 neuraxonal dystrophy
1 neurodegenerative disorder, not otherwise specified
1 neurodegenerative disorder, suggestive of Parkinson's
2 neurofibromatosis
6 neurofibromatosis (surgical)
6 neurofibromatosis, type I
1 neurofibromatosis, type I and glioblastoma
4 neurofibromatosis, type I (surgical)
3 neurofibromatosis, type II
1 neurofibromatosis, type unknown
1 neuromuscular disorder undiagnosed
8 neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis
3 Niemann-Pick disease, type C
1 nonketotic hyperglycinemia
1 Noonan syndrome
1 Noonan syndrome (surgical)
1 Ogilvie syndrome
5 oligohydramnios
2 olivopontocerebellar degeneration
1 orbital encephalocele
2 ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency
1 Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome
2 osteogenesis imperfecta
1 osteomyelitis
1 Ohtahara syndrome/infantile spasms
1 Paget disease, R/O
8 Parkinson disease
1 Parkinson disease/adrenoleukodystrophy carrier
1 Parkinson disease/diabetes
1 Parkinson disease/multi-infarct dementia
1 Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disorder
3 pentalogy of Cantrell
3 perinatal asphyxia
1 periorbital hemangioma (surgical)
1 peripheral neuropathy, probably
3 peroxisomal disorder
1 phenylketonuria
1 polycystic kidney disease
1 polyhydramnios/twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome
1 polymicrogyria/hydrocephalus
1 polymyositis/dermatomyositis
2 Pompe disease
2 porencephaly
1 porencephaly/systemic lupus erythematosus
2 posterior urethral valve obstruction
5 Potter syndrome
11 Prader-Willi syndrome
1 Prader-Willi syndrome (surgical)
1 prematurity
2 progressive supranuclear palsy
1 propionic acidemia
2 prune belly syndrome
1 pyruvate carboxylase deficiency
1 pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency
3 renal agenesis
1 renal osteodystrophy
1 retinoblastoma
1 retroplacental hematoma
7 Rett syndrome
1 Sandhoff disease
2 Sanfilippo syndrome, type A
1 Sanfilippo syndrome, type III
1 Sanfilippo syndrome, type III (surgical)
2 sarcoidosis, pulmonary
1 schizencephaly
1 schizoaffective disorder
5 schizophrenia
1 scoliosis
21 seizure disorder
1 seizure disorder/blindness
1 seizure disorder/developmental disorder
1 seizure disorder/Parkinson disease
1 seizure disorder (surgical)
1 seizure disorder, post-traumatic
1 seizure disorder, severe myoclonic
1 severe movement disorder
1 short-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency
1 Shy-Dragar syndrome
5 sickle cell disease
2 sirenomelia
2 skeletal dysplasia
1 Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome
15 spina bifida
2 spina bifida, Arnold-Chiari II malformation
4 spinal muscular atrophy
1 spinal muscular atrophy, type I
1 spinocerebellar ataxia, type I
1 spinocerebellar degeneration, type VII
1 status marmoratus
1 Stickler syndrome
1 Sturge-Weber syndrome
17 Sturge-Weber syndrome (surgical)
1 Sturge-Weber syndrome, suspected
1 Sturge-Weber syndrome/Alzheimer disease
1 Sturge-Weber syndrome (surgical)/autism, suspected (surgical)
151 sudden infant death syndrome
4 sudden unexplained death
6 suicide
1 thrombocytopenia-absent radius syndrome
5 Tay-Sachs disease
1 Tay-Sachs disease, suspected
4 thanatophoric dwarfism
1 Tourette syndrome
1 toxic/metabolic (i.e., drug-related)
1 tracheal atresia
1 trauma, spinal cord
1 traumatic brain injury
20 tuberous sclerosis
1 tuberous sclerosis (surgical)/choroid plexus papilloma (surgical)
59 tuberous sclerosis (surgical)
2 tuberous sclerosis (surgical)/epilepsy (surgical)
1 unbalanced translocation
1 undiagnosed neurological disorder
1 vanishing white matter disease
8 von Hippel-Lindau disease
47 von Hippel-Lindau disease (surgical)
1 von Hippel-Lindau disease, suspected (surgical)
1 Walker-Warburg syndrome
1 Williams syndrome
1 Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
4 Zellweger syndrome
1 Zellweger syndrome, pseudo
Who can request samples
Qualified scientific investigators who are dedicated to the improved understanding, care, and treatment of developmental disorders are able to request samples.
Cost
The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) has directed the Brain and Tissue Bank (BTB) for Developmental Disorders to charge a handling fee of $100 per tissue sample plus shipping.
How to request samples
Step 1: Check for availability of tissue by viewing the catalog at http://medschool.umaryland.edu/btbank/catalog.asp or by calling 1-800-847-1539 to discuss tissue availability with either John Cottrell or Robert Johnson. New cases are collected daily and, therefore, may not be included in the NICHD BTB catalog.
Step 2: Complete online tissue request at https://somvweb.som.umaryland.edu/BTBRequest/TissueRequest.aspx. Submission details to be completed include:
Contact information for the researcher/principal investigator
Specifics of tissue requested – Description and quantity
Criteria for cases – Disorder, age, sex, race, postmortem interval
Number of cases
Sources of funding for principal investigator
Concise statement of research goals (containing no proprietary information)
Curriculum vitae as pdf file (email to btbumab@maryland.edu)
Additional supporting information
Step 3: The staff of the NICHD BTB will review each request as availability of tissue, quality of research aim, impact of research on specific disorders, and rarity of tissue requested.
Step 4: Completion of a Material Transfer Agreement available at http://medschool.umaryland.edu/btbank/material_transfer.asp.
Step 5: Payment is required before tissue is shipped.
Step 6: Tissues are typically shipped in the order that requests are received and approved. The researcher is notified when tissue is shopped. Each shipment contains a packing slip and a case information sheet specifically detailing donor demographics, postmortem interval, and a brief medical history.
Requirements associated with sample use
Publications derived from the use of tissue supplied by the bank will include the statement: “Human tissue was obtained from the NICHD Brain and Tissue Bank for Developmental Disorders at the University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, contract HHSN275200900011C, Ref. No. N01-HD-9-0011.”
Ongoing sample collection?
Yes. New cases are collected daily.
Sample Publications
Activation of microglial poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase-1 by cholesterol breakdown products during neuroinflammation: a link between demyelination and neuronal damage.
Diestel A, Aktas O, Hackel D, Hake I, Meier S, Raine CS, Nitsch R, Zipp F, Ullrich O.
J Exp Med. 2003 Dec 1;198(11):1729-40. PMID: 14657223
CXC chemokine receptors on human oligodendrocytes: implications for multiple sclerosis.
Omari KM, John GR, Sealfon SC, Raine CS.
Brain. 2005 May;128(Pt 5):1003-15. Epub 2005 Mar 17. PMID: 15774504
Clonally expanded plasma cells in the cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients produce myelin-specific antibodies.
von Büdingen HC, Harrer MD, Kuenzle S, Meier M, Goebels N.
Eur J Immunol. 2008 Jul;38(7):2014-23. Erratum in: Eur J Immunol. 2008 Jul;38(7):2046-7. PMID: 18521957
Clonally expanded plasma cells in the cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients produce myelin-specific antibodies.
von Büdingen HC, Harrer MD, Kuenzle S, Meier M, Goebels N.
Eur J Immunol. 2008 Jul;38(7):2014-23. Erratum in: Eur J Immunol. 2008 Jul;38(7):2046-7. PMID: 18521957
Expression of Golli proteins in adult human brain and multiple sclerosis lesions.
Filipovic R, Rakic S, Zecevic N.
J Neuroimmunol. 2002 Jun;127(1-2):1-12. PMID: 12044969
GRO-alpha and CXCR2 in the human fetal brain and multiple sclerosis lesions.
Filipovic R, Jakovcevski I, Zecevic N.
Dev Neurosci. 2003 Mar-Aug;25(2-4):279-90. PMID: 12966224
Preparation of a monoclonal antibody to citrullinated epitopes: its characterization and some applications to immunohistochemistry in human brain.
Nicholas AP, Whitaker JN.
Glia. 2002 Mar 15;37(4):328-36. PMID: 11870872
Role for CXCR2 and CXCL1 on glia in multiple sclerosis.
Omari KM, John G, Lango R, Raine CS.
Glia. 2006 Jan 1;53(1):24-31. PMID: 16086366